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NGOs in India can register as Trusts (Indian Trusts Act or state Public Trust Acts), Societies (Societies Registration Act, 1860) or Section 8 Companies (Companies Act, 2013). The right structure depends on scale, governance, funding goals and jurisdictions served.
Key features
- Three structural options: Trust, Society, Section 8
- 12A and 80G registration for tax exemptions and donor benefits
- FCRA for foreign contributions
- Darpan ID for working with government agencies
Eligibility
- Trust: minimum 2 trustees
- Society: minimum 7 members
- Section 8: 2 directors (private) or 3 directors (public)
Benefits
- Legal personality to receive donations and grants
- 12A/80G unlocks tax exemption and donor deductions
- FCRA enables foreign funding
Required documents
- ✓KYC of founders/trustees/directors
- ✓Registered office proof
- ✓Memorandum / trust deed / AoA
Application process
- 1Structure fitPick Trust, Society or Section 8 based on goals.
- 2DraftingMemorandum/trust deed/AoA drafted.
- 3RegistrationFiled with state/MCA.
- 4Tax registrations12A, 80G, FCRA and Darpan as applicable.
FAQs
For most scalable NGOs today, Section 8 is preferred — governance is clear, MCA oversight adds credibility, and 12A/80G are straightforward to claim.
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